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聋人与听力正常人拓扑性质知觉的错觉关联效应比较实验研究

作者:王庭照 方俊明 张凤琴



  长期以来,国内外关于聋人与听力正常人的比较研究多从语言学习和学业成就的角度入手,得出了很多不利于聋人发展和教育的研究结论[33][34]。这种研究倾向带来的直接后果是,对聋人这样一个有着特殊认知发展和特殊教育需求群体的基本认知机制认识不足,且由于这些显而易见的研究结果的进一步强化而产生对聋人认知发展和教育较为严重的认识偏差,并把其看作是认知能力的弱势群体。实际上,从现有一些主要涉及微观认知加工机制的研究结论来看,聋人也许并不是认知的弱势群体,而是一个可能具有特殊认知倾向的群体。对于这样一个群体的认识,我们不能仅仅从宏观性的研究结论入手,得到一个想当然的结果;而更应该从聋人的实际认知发展状况入手,着力于对其认知机制的认识,得到其同于和异于听力正常人的认知特点,在整合先进教育理念的基础上提出适宜的教育策略,以促进其发展。
  
  5 结论
  
  通过严格的实验测试和细致的数据分析,本研究所获得基本结论如下:
  5.1 无论是低注意负载还是高注意负载条件下,被试均表现出一定程度的错觉关联效应,且随着注意负载的增加而急剧加强。
  5.2 聋人和听力正常人不存在注意负载条件下视知觉加工过程中的错觉关联效应差异。
  
  参考文献
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  A Comparative Experimental Study on Illusory Conjunction
  Effect of Perceiving Topological Properties
  between Deaf and Normal Hearing People
   WANG Tingzhao1 FANG Junming2 ZHANG Fengqin3
  (1.Department of Psychology,Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an,710062;
  2.Department of Special Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062;
  3.Department of Education,Shaoguan College,Shaoguan,512005)
  AbstractAdopting the experimental model of dual-task, we select 11 deaf people and 11 normal hearing people to study the differences in the illusory conjunction effect of their perception of topological properties through manipulating the variable of attention load. The results show that: (1) The illusory conjunction effect can be observed in the conditions of low and high attention load and enhances dramatically with the increase of attention load. (2) There is no significant difference in the illusory conjunction effect between deaf and normal hearing people in this process under the circumstance of attention load.
  Key wordsdeaf people normal hearing people perception of topological properties illusory conjunction effect
  
  (责任编校:张冲)
  

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