首页 -> 2007年第5期
美术治疗及其在特殊儿童教育中的应用
作者:周 红
5 结语
美术创作是儿童自我表达的重要途径,通过作品,他们描绘各种各样的情感,表达对世界和环境的认识。美术治疗所提供的安全的物理与心理环境便有效地鼓励和激发了儿童的这种表达方式。在美术治疗中,他们通过对材料的操弄(如敲打黏土、泼洒颜料)来发泄消极情绪;通过将痛苦的经历转化成视觉意象,来获得对现实中不可抗拒的环境和事件的象征性控制,从而建立内在的安全感和稳定感;通过将从创造过程和作品中获得的成就感迁移至现实生活,最终恢复生活的信心。对特殊儿童而言,这种安全的自我表达方式不仅有助于他们宣泄情感,更有助于提升其独立性和满足感,从而更好地适应环境和社会。因为透过创作,他们不仅表达出困扰和问题,也表达出对他人的积极关注、对生活的热情和充满希望的态度。而后者,正是支持他们不断适应社会的重要动力。
基于美术治疗独特的治疗特性,美国早在20世纪70年代、英国于80年代中后期便已尝试将美术治疗引入学校教育,鼓励美术治疗师到学校开展工作,对学生进行有效的治疗性干预,促进他们的心理健康,减少把学生转入医院、诊所的治疗安排。实施结果表明,美术治疗能有效地帮助学生运用游戏、绘画、黏土雕塑等表达难以言表的情感,为其人格的稳定提供基本的空间,进而有助于他们的学习。当前,困扰儿童的心理问题日益增多,对此,笔者衷心希望我国的心理治疗专业人士和教育工作者在系统了解美术治疗理论的基础上,将其作为有效的辅助方式用于各类学校,以促进所有儿童的健康成长。
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The Application of Art Therapy in Educating
Exceptional Children
ZHOU Hong
(Hangzhou Research Center for College of Preschool Teacher,Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, 310012)
Abstract
As an important type of arts therapies, art therapy encourages and guides individuals to express their nonverbal emotions via activities like drawing, clay sculpture, etc... Individuals interact with the art therapist via the creation process and art works, so as to achieve harmony and conformity between body and mind. Currently, art therapy has been widely used in the rehabilitation and education of exceptional children in Europe and America. This serves as an inspiration for special education in China. While applying art therapy to exceptional children, the followings should be considered: A safe structural environment, supply of suitable materials, unconditional support and acceptance, trust in relationship, using play to facilitate creative activities in arts, and encouragement and respect to children's explanation of their works.
Key words
art therapy exceptional children education
(责任编校:周耿)